OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of side effects with the short-term use of intravenously administered ketorolac in children and the overall cost savings with a unit dosing system. STUDY DESIGN: We prospectively examined the incidence of complications arising from the intravenous administration of ketorolac to 1747 children (14,810 doses) during a 3-year, 3-month period and assessed cost savings resulting from dividing 60 mg syringes into 7.5, 15, 30, and 60 mg unit doses. Complications were recorded prospectively into a computerized database. Estimated drug costs to the pharmacy were calculated on the basis of the total numbers of each drug fraction administered, with allowance for 1O% wastage as a result of drug expiration. RESULTS: Side effects occurring with ketorolac administration were rare. Four patients (0.2%) had hypersensitivity reactions to the drug, two of them possibly on the basis of latex allergy. Two patients (O.1%) had renal complications but were subsequently found to have underlying causes that could account for their renal symptoms. One patient (0.05%) had massive gastrointestinal bleeding in the postoperative period. With fractionation of 60 mg syringes, total drug cost to the pharmacy was $34,786, rather than the $86,639 that would have been spent had a single syringe been used for each dose. CONCLUSION: Ketorolac proved safe for short-term intravenous use in children more than 1 year of age when patients with known contraindications to the use of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs were excluded. A considerable reduction in drug costs can be achieved with fractionation of premixed syringes into unit doses.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of side effects with the short-term use of intravenously administered ketorolac in children and the overall cost savings with a unit dosing system. STUDY DESIGN: We prospectively examined the incidence of complications arising from the intravenous administration of ketorolac to 1747 children (14,810 doses) during a 3-year, 3-month period and assessed cost savings resulting from dividing 60 mg syringes into 7.5, 15, 30, and 60 mg unit doses. Complications were recorded prospectively into a computerized database. Estimated drug costs to the pharmacy were calculated on the basis of the total numbers of each drug fraction administered, with allowance for 1O% wastage as a result of drug expiration. RESULTS: Side effects occurring with ketorolac administration were rare. Four patients (0.2%) had hypersensitivity reactions to the drug, two of them possibly on the basis of latex allergy. Two patients (O.1%) had renal complications but were subsequently found to have underlying causes that could account for their renal symptoms. One patient (0.05%) had massive gastrointestinal bleeding in the postoperative period. With fractionation of 60 mg syringes, total drug cost to the pharmacy was $34,786, rather than the $86,639 that would have been spent had a single syringe been used for each dose. CONCLUSION:Ketorolac proved safe for short-term intravenous use in children more than 1 year of age when patients with known contraindications to the use of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs were excluded. A considerable reduction in drug costs can be achieved with fractionation of premixed syringes into unit doses.