Carbonic anhydrase II in microglia in forebrains of neonatal rats.

In the brains of adult rodents carbonic anhydrase II (CA) immunoreactivity has been observed in the choroid plexus and in oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and myelin. Localization and functions of CA in the neonatal brain, however, have been controversial. One issue is whether the CAII-immunopositive round and ameboid cells in the corpus callosum and cingulum in the rat CNS during the first postnatal week are oligodendrocytes or microglia. Colocalization of CAII with the microglial antigen, ED1, and the microglia-specific isolectin, BSI-B4, suggested that most (approx. 60%) of the CAII-positive round and ameboid cells in rat brain during the first postnatal week were, indeed, macrophages and microglia. During that initial week, some CAII-positive protoplasmic astrocytes (approx. 40%) were observed as well. At the end of the first postnatal week smooth-surfaced CAII-positive cells began to appear in the corpus callosum. Those cells also bound MAbO4, a marker for the oligodendrocyte cell line. We conclude that during the first postnatal week most of the CAII-positive cells are macrophages and microglia, and that some are protoplasmic astrocytes. During the second postnatal week CAII-positive cells in the oligodendrocyte lineage become apparent, and by the end of that week there are few CAII-positive microglia. Confocal microscopy suggests that in brains of three-day-old rats the ameboid microglia are associated with nerve fibers, where they may perform phagocytosis of axons, directional guidance of axons, or disinhibition of axonal growth.