Targeting gene expression to endothelial cells in transgenic mice using the human intercellular adhesion molecule 2 promoter.

Genetic engineering of donor animals in xenotransplantation research has been directed largely toward obtaining expression of various immunoregulatory molecules on vascular endothelium, the initial target of recipient antibody and complement. However, specific high-level expression of transgenes throughout the vascular tree in adult animals has proved difficult to achieve, perhaps because of the inherent heterogeneity of endothelium. Using the promoter of the gene for intercellular adhesion molecule 2 (ICAM-2), which is constitutively expressed on all vascular endothelium, we have developed a system for endothelial cell gene targeting in vivo. A 334-basepair fragment from the 5' flanking region of the human ICAM-2 gene was used to drive the expression of human CD59 in transgenic mice. Strong and uniform expression of CD59 was observed on the endothelial cells of all blood vessels in the heart, kidney, lung, liver, and pancreas in the three lines of mice examined. Little or no expression was seen in other cell types, with the exception of neutrophils and monocytes. These results suggest that this small promoter region contains most of the signals necessary to endow it with endothelial cell specificity, making it a potentially valuable tool in areas ranging from xenotransplantation to gene therapy.