Alcoholism and dementia.

This article reviews epidemiological, neurological, cognitive, and imaging data on alcohol-induced dementia. Recent studies indicate that "heavy alcohol use" (variously defined) is a contributing factor in 21-24% of cases of dementia. Research difficulties include lack of positive diagnostic criteria, few post-mortem studies, and no accepted pathological mechanism. Sulcal widening and ventricular enlargement (occasionally reversible) are the strongest findings in patients with alcohol-induced dementia. There is evidence for peripheral neuropathy, ataxia, sparing of language, and improved prognosis when patients with alcohol-induced dementia are compared to other dements. Case examples, etiologic theories, and recommendations for research, training, and clinical practice are included.