Responses of glutamine transport in cultured rat skeletal muscle to osmotically induced changes in cell volume.

1. In order to investigate the relationship between cellular hydration state and the rate of glutamine transport, tracer glutamine uptake into primary rat myotubes was studied at external osmolalities of 170, 320 or 430 mosmol kg-1. 2. Incubation of myotubes with glutamine (2 mM; 30 min) at 320 mosmol kg-1 increased cell volume and glutamine transport (by 35 and 36%, respectively); insulin (66 nM; 30 min) also increased cell volume and glutamine transport (by 22 and 40%, respectively) and the effects of insulin and glutamine combined were additive. The increase in glutamine uptake following glutamine pre-incubation represented an increase in Vmax of Na(+)-dependent glutamine transport. 3. There was an inverse relationship between myotube glutamine transport and external osmolality after 30 min exposure. 4. During hyposmotic (170 mosmol kg-1) exposure there were large, rapid increases of cell volume and glutamine transport; the latter increased transiently (during the cell swelling phase) by a maximum of approximately 80% at 2 min, (due to an increased Vmax for Na(+)-dependent glutamine transport) then decayed to a new elevated steady state after 30 min exposure. 5. During hyperosmotic (430 mosmol kg-1) exposure there were rapid decreases in glutamine transport and myotube cell volume (both by approximately 30%) to values which were maintained for at least 15 min. 6. The volume-sensitive glutamine transport process features characteristics of the insulin-sensitive system Nm transporter. 7. Modulation of Na(+)-dependent glutamine transport by insulin and cell volume changes may contribute towards regulation of muscle metabolism.