Early ovarian cancer: a review of its genetic and biologic factors, detection, and treatment.

Early-stage ovarian carcinoma requires comprehensive surgical staging; reexploration for patients who had suboptimal initial surgery would indicate an apparent early ovarian carcinoma. After proper surgery, patients can be subdivided into a high- or low-risk group, and treatment options then can be discussed with the patient. Patients in the low-risk category can be followed up expectantly without any form of adjuvant therapy. Patients in the high-risk category, however, should be encouraged to participate in randomized clinical trials, because it is unclear at the current time which combination of chemotherapy and how many treatments should be used. A platinum-based paclitaxel regimen probably should be used, although the relative merits of carboplatin and cisplatin and the appropriate schedule for taxol (1 hour vs. 3 hours vs. 24 hours vs. 96 hours) are yet unknown. It is hoped that clinicians will continue to encourage patients to participate in randomized clinical trials so that optimal therapy for early ovarian cancer can be established.