Significance, epidemiology, and prevention of peritoneal dialysis catheter infections.

Catheter infections are a major cause of morbidity, catheter loss, and transfer to hemodialysis. These infections are mainly due to S. aureus. To date, treatment is less than optimal. Therefore, the primary goal should be prevention of catheter infections. Prevention is based on improving catheter design and implantation technique while using careful exit-site care. Prophylaxis with antimicrobials such as intranasal mupirocin or the use of silver-impregnated catheters appears promising as a way to reduce the risk of developing S. aureus infections. To optimize patient outcome, one must focus on these preventive measures.