Treatment of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction with flexor digitorum longus tendon transfer and calcaneal osteotomy.

We treated 32 patients with stage-II posterior tibial tendon dysfunction with calcaneal osteotomy and flexor digitorum longus tendon transfer. These 32 patients (29 women, 3 men) had an average age of 58 years (range, 46 to 73 years) and had been symptomatic for an average of 2.5 years (range, 1 to 8 years) before surgical correction. The indication for surgery was the presence of medial foot pain refractory to nonoperative treatments, including shoewear modifications, orthoses, and bracing. All patients were examined at a mean of 20 months (range, 14 to 48 months) after surgery. Functional and radiographic examinations were performed for each patient and the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) foot rating scale was used. Of the 32 patients, 30 were satisfied with the outcome of surgery, had improved function, and exhibited radiographic correction of the foot deformity. The AOFAS score improved from a preoperative mean of 48 points (range, 23 to 76) to a postoperative mean of 84 points (range, 68 to 92). In one patient, treatment failed, necessitating a triple arthrodesis for worsening deformity. The short-term results of this procedure are encouraging. Most patients (94%) experienced pain relief, had improvement in the arch of the foot, and were able to wear regular shoes without orthotic support. In order to correct deformity and provide substantial relief of foot pain and dysfunction, a medial translational calcaneal osteotomy was performed in addition to a flexor digitorum longus tendon transfer for management of stage-II posterior tibial tendon dysfunction.