Neural circuitry controlling vasopressin-stimulated scent marking in Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus).

In Syrian hamsters, arginine vasopressin (AVP) plays a critical role in the control of a form of scent marking called flank marking. Microinjection of AVP into the medial preoptic-anterior hypothalamus (MPOA-AH), lateral septal nucleus (LS), bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), and the periaqueductal gray (PAG) stimulates high levels of flank marking. Microinjection of an antagonist of the V1a-AVP receptor into sites such as the MPOA-AH inhibits expression of flank marking. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the neural circuit controlling flank marking by localizing the induction of Fos protein in response to the microinjection of AVP, a V1a-AVP antagonist (AVPA) or saline into the MPOA-AH. Immediately after microinjection, hamsters were placed in a clean cage and their behavior was videotaped for 10 minutes. Ninety minutes after the behavioral experiment hamsters were perfused and their brains removed for subsequent immunocytochemical localization of Fos protein. The number of Fos-positive neurons was significantly greater in the BNST, PAG, and central amygdala (Ce) following the microinjection of AVP than following the microinjection of either AVPA or saline. In AVP-injected animals, the number of Fos-labeled cells in the Ce, PVN, and PAG increased with increased frequency of either flank marking or flank gland grooming. These data support the hypothesis that neurons within the MPOA-AH, BNST, and PAG play an important role in the control of flank marking and suggest that the Ce may be a previously unrecognized part of this neural circuit.