OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between smoking and uterine myomas requiring surgery. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a case-control study in Milan between 1986 and 1992. Cases were 476 patients under 55 years of age with histologically confirmed myomas. Controls were 1,283 women admitted to the hospital for a spectrum of acute, other-than-gynecologic, hormonal or neoplastic conditions (30% trauma, 25% nontraumatic orthopedic conditions, 25% surgical, 20% other miscellaneous). RESULTS: Cases were less frequently current smokers (22%) than controls (32%). In comparison with never smokers, the multivariate relative risk (RR) for myomas was 0.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.4-0.7) in smokers. Ex-smokers were 10% of cases versus 7% of controls (RR 1.2, 95% CI 0.9-1.8). No clear trend in risk was observed with the number of cigarettes smoked per day or duration of smoking and risk of fibroids. The estimated RRs were largely consistent when separate analyses were performed in strata of age and other selected covariates, including indices of body weight. CONCLUSION: Current smoking seems to reduce the risk of myomas.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between smoking and uterine myomas requiring surgery. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a case-control study in Milan between 1986 and 1992. Cases were 476 patients under 55 years of age with histologically confirmed myomas. Controls were 1,283 women admitted to the hospital for a spectrum of acute, other-than-gynecologic, hormonal or neoplastic conditions (30% trauma, 25% nontraumatic orthopedic conditions, 25% surgical, 20% other miscellaneous). RESULTS: Cases were less frequently current smokers (22%) than controls (32%). In comparison with never smokers, the multivariate relative risk (RR) for myomas was 0.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.4-0.7) in smokers. Ex-smokers were 10% of cases versus 7% of controls (RR 1.2, 95% CI 0.9-1.8). No clear trend in risk was observed with the number of cigarettes smoked per day or duration of smoking and risk of fibroids. The estimated RRs were largely consistent when separate analyses were performed in strata of age and other selected covariates, including indices of body weight. CONCLUSION: Current smoking seems to reduce the risk of myomas.
Authors: Erica B Johnstone; Germaine M Buck Louis; Patrick J Parsons; Amy J Steuerwald; Christopher D Palmer; Zhen Chen; Liping Sun; Ahmad O Hammoud; Jessie Dorais; C Matthew Peterson Journal: Reprod Toxicol Date: 2014-06-30 Impact factor: 3.143
Authors: D Andrew Crain; Sarah J Janssen; Thea M Edwards; Jerrold Heindel; Shuk-mei Ho; Patricia Hunt; Taisen Iguchi; Anders Juul; John A McLachlan; Jackie Schwartz; Niels Skakkebaek; Ana M Soto; Shanna Swan; Cheryl Walker; Teresa K Woodruff; Tracey J Woodruff; Linda C Giudice; Louis J Guillette Journal: Fertil Steril Date: 2008-10 Impact factor: 7.329
Authors: Lauren A Wise; Julie R Palmer; Bernard L Harlow; Donna Spiegelman; Elizabeth A Stewart; Lucile L Adams-Campbell; Lynn Rosenberg Journal: Hum Reprod Date: 2004-06-24 Impact factor: 6.918