OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on hepatic blood flow (HBF) and the hepatic venous flow pattern. DESIGN: Single-arm prospective study. SETTING: University hospital operating room and intensive care unit. PARTICIPANTS: Eight patients ranging in age from 57 to 73 years undergoing cardiac surgery. INTERVENTIONS: Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) was used to assess HBF before, during, and after CPB by pulsed-wave Doppler ultrasound recordings of hepatic venous flow velocity and two-dimensional recordings of the hepatic vein diameter. Hepatic vein oxygenation was monitored by hepatic vein catheterization, and gastric intramucosal pH (pHi) was followed by tonometry. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The HBF was unchanged after the start of CPB but was reduced from the baseline value 415 (standard error of the mean 40) mL/min to 225 (25) mL/min during hypothermic CPB (p < 0.05). Cardiac index, right ventricular ejection fraction, and arterial and tonometric pH were essentially unchanged during the study period. Hepatic vein and mixed venous saturation were unchanged compared to control during CPB and were reduced at 2 and 3 hours after CPB (p < 0.01). Six of the patients had a normal predominant systolic flow pattern before surgery. In the postoperative period, seven patients showed an abnormal predominant diastolic filling pattern. CONCLUSIONS: TEE represents a useful tool in assessing changes in the hepatic blood flow. The HBF was reduced during hypothermic CPB, but this was not accompanied by a reduced pHi. The changes in the venous flow pattern with a reduction in systolic flow could be explained by impaired atrial relaxation.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on hepatic blood flow (HBF) and the hepatic venous flow pattern. DESIGN: Single-arm prospective study. SETTING: University hospital operating room and intensive care unit. PARTICIPANTS: Eight patients ranging in age from 57 to 73 years undergoing cardiac surgery. INTERVENTIONS: Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) was used to assess HBF before, during, and after CPB by pulsed-wave Doppler ultrasound recordings of hepatic venous flow velocity and two-dimensional recordings of the hepatic vein diameter. Hepatic vein oxygenation was monitored by hepatic vein catheterization, and gastric intramucosal pH (pHi) was followed by tonometry. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The HBF was unchanged after the start of CPB but was reduced from the baseline value 415 (standard error of the mean 40) mL/min to 225 (25) mL/min during hypothermic CPB (p < 0.05). Cardiac index, right ventricular ejection fraction, and arterial and tonometric pH were essentially unchanged during the study period. Hepatic vein and mixed venous saturation were unchanged compared to control during CPB and were reduced at 2 and 3 hours after CPB (p < 0.01). Six of the patients had a normal predominant systolic flow pattern before surgery. In the postoperative period, seven patients showed an abnormal predominant diastolic filling pattern. CONCLUSIONS: TEE represents a useful tool in assessing changes in the hepatic blood flow. The HBF was reduced during hypothermic CPB, but this was not accompanied by a reduced pHi. The changes in the venous flow pattern with a reduction in systolic flow could be explained by impaired atrial relaxation.
Authors: Dev Raveendran; Jahan C Penny-Dimri; Reny Segal; Julian A Smith; Mark Plummer; Zhengyang Liu; Luke A Perry Journal: J Cardiothorac Surg Date: 2022-05-26 Impact factor: 1.522
Authors: Naveen G Singh; P S Nagaraja; Divya Gopal; V Manjunath; K S Nagesh; N Manjunatha; Guru Police Patel; Satish Kumar Mishra Journal: Ann Card Anaesth Date: 2016 Jul-Sep
Authors: Csaba Eke; András Szabó; Ádám Nagy; Boglár Párkányi; Miklós D Kertai; Levente Fazekas; Attila Kovács; Bálint Lakatos; István Hartyánszky; János Gál; Béla Merkely; Andrea Székely Journal: Diagnostics (Basel) Date: 2022-03-12