Etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of chronic renal failure in children.

There are a large number of causes of chronic renal disease in children. This review updates recent findings on conditions that arise in childhood that lead to chronic kidney disease in adulthood (eg, polycystic kidney disease, reflux nephropathy) or cause chronic kidney disease in childhood. Recent studies addressing the etiology and genetics of chronic kidney disease, as well as its pathophysiology, prognosis, and treatment, are discussed.