Predictors of the use of memory improvement strategies by older adults.

This study examined the ability of depression, health, and memory self-efficacy scores to predict the use of internal and external memory strategies by cognitively impaired and cognitively intact older adults. There were no differences between the groups on memory self-efficacy scores and on the extent of their use of the external memory strategy of place. The cognitively intact group used strategies to aid memory more often than did the cognitively impaired group and used more external than internal memory strategies. The cognitively intact group used the internal strategies of elaboration and rehearsal more often than the other group and were less likely to expend effort than the other group. Memory self-efficacy scores were the sole predictor of use of external memory aids by the cognitively intact group, and age was the sole predictor of use of external memory aids by the cognitively impaired group. No variable was able to predict the use of internal memory strategies by either group.