Prognosis of patients with frequent premature ventricular complexes and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies in small groups of predominantly nongeriatric patients showed that complex ventricular arrhythmias occurring after coronary artery graft (CABG) surgery are of no prognostic significance. The purpose of this study was to compare the prognosis of patients with and without advanced grade ventricular arrhythmias (AGVA) after CABG in a large group of patients. [In this paper, AGVA is used as an abridged definition of frequent premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) which represent advanced grade ventricular arrhythmias.]
METHODS: Twenty-four hour ambulatory electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring was performed 3 days after CABG in 185 consecutive patients with 185 closely matched control patients without AGVA. Of 185 patients with AGVA, 77 had frequent PVCs, 45 had NSVT, and 63 patients had both. The average age of both groups was 65 +/ 9.7 years. Patients were followed for 34 +/ 10 months, and in 30 patients ambulatory monitoring was repeated at the end of the follow-up.
RESULTS: Fifteen AGVA and nine control patients died. In each group seven deaths were noncardiac. Six nonsudden and two sudden cardiac deaths (SCD) occurred in the AGVA group at 2-36 months after CABG and two nonsudden cardiac deaths in the control group at 3 and 35 months after CABG (p = 0.053). Both SCDs occurred 33 months after CABG after new events known to predispose to SCD. In 18 of 30 patients AGVA was no longer present when ambulatory ECG monitoring was repeated 36 +/ 11 months after CABG.
CONCLUSION: AGVA after CABG was not a marker of an early sudden cardiac death. In 60% of patients not treated with antiarrhythmic drugs, AGVA was no longer present late after operation.