Acute and chronic effects of ethanol on fluid transport in the human small intestine.

The effect of acute and chronic administration of ethanol on jejunal and ileal water and electrolyte transport was studied in healthy volunteers by the triple lumen intestinal perfusion technique. The acute perfusion of a glucose-free electrolyte solution containing 2 to 10 g per 100 ml of ethanol in the jejunum or ileum did not cause any significant alterations of sodium or water transport. In contrast, the administration of a folate-deficient diet and ethanol for 2 weeks produced a marked reduction in sodium and water absorption or a small net secretion (control, mean +/-SE: H2O = 0.91 +/- 0.06 ml per min, Na = 130 +/- 8 micronEq per min per 30 cm of intestine versus H2O = -0.13 +/- 0.14 ml per min, Na = -20 +/- 29 micronEq per min per 30 cm, P less than 0.001). These changes were not accompanied by a reduction in serum folate levels. The administration of ethanol with a folate-supplemented diet also produced significant but less pronounced changes in sodium and water transport control: H2O = 1.33 +/- 0.2 ml per min, Na = 185 +/- 34 micronEq per min per 30 cm of intestine versus H2O = 0.48 +/- 0.17 ml per min, Na =65 +/- 16 micronEq per min per 30 cm of intestine, P less than 0.05). From this study it appears that the diarrhea seen in chronic alcoholics can be explained in part by the effect of ethanol on intestinal sodium transport, without any accompanying changes in serum folate levels.