Molecular cloning and characterization of the human anaphylatoxin C3a receptor.

In a human neutrophil cDNA library, an orphan G-protein-coupled receptor, HNFAG09, with 37% nucleotide identity to the C5a receptor (C5a-R, CD88) was identified. A novel feature of this gene, unlike C5a-R and other G-protein-coupled receptors, is the presence of an extraordinarily large predicted extracellular loop comprised of in excess of 160 amino acid residues between transmembrane domains 4 and 5. Northern blot analysis revealed that expression of mRNA for this receptor in human tissues, while similar, was distinct from C5a-R expression. Although there were differences in expression, transcripts for both receptors were detected in tissues throughout the body and the central nervous system. Mammalian cells stably expressing HNFAG09 specifically bound 125I-C3a and responded to a C3a carboxyl-terminal analogue synthetic peptide and to human C3a but not to rC5a with a robust calcium mobilization response. HNFAG09 encodes the human anaphylatoxin C3a receptor.