Protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B is a negative regulator of insulin- and insulin-like growth factor-I-stimulated signaling.

To understand the physiological role of protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTPase 1B) in insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) signaling, we established clonal cell lines overexpressing wild type or inactive mutant (C215S) PTPase 1B in cells overexpressing insulin (Hirc) or IGF-I (CIGFR) receptors. PTPase 1B overexpression in transfected cells was verified by immunoblot analysis with a monoclonal PTPase 1B antibody. Subfractionation of parental cells demonstrated that greater than 90% of PTPase activity was localized in the Triton X-100-soluble particulate (P1) cell fraction. PTPase activity in the P1 fraction of cells overexpressing wild type PTPase 1B was 3-6-fold higher than parental cells but was unaltered in all fractions from C215S PTPase 1B-containing cells. The overexpression of wild type and C215S PTPase 1B had no effects on intrinsic receptor kinase activity, growth rate, or general cell morphology. The effects of PTPase 1B overexpression on cellular protein tyrosine phosphorylation were examined by anti-phosphotyrosine immunoblot analysis. No differences were apparent under basal conditions, but hormone-stimulated receptor autophosphorylation and/or insulin receptor substrate tyrosine phosphorylation were inhibited in cells overexpressing wild type PTPase 1B and increased in cells expressing mutant PTPase 1B, in comparison with parental cells. Metabolic signaling, assessed by ligand-stimulated [14C]glucose incorporation into glycogen, was also inhibited in cells overexpressing active PTPase 1B and enhanced in cells containing C215S PTPase 1B. These data strongly suggest that PTPase 1B acts as a negative regulator of insulin and IGF-I signaling.