Alcohol withdrawal syndrome.

Hundreds of thousands of significant alcohol withdrawal episodes are encountered by primary care physicians every year. If the situation is appreciated at an early stage, most patients can be managed successfully on an outpatient basis with benzodiazepines. Patients with seizures, concurrent medical illnesses and severe withdrawal signs should be hospitalized. Fewer than 5 percent of patients withdrawing from alcohol progress to delirium tremens. Mortality from delirium tremens has been reduced to less than 5 percent of patients, through early diagnosis, supportive nursing care, treatment of coexisting medical conditions and aggressive pharmacologic therapy. Patients with a history of multiple detoxification episodes are more likely to experience seizures and severe withdrawal symptoms.