Expectancies relate to symptoms of alcohol dependence in young adults.

A significant relationship between the Alcohol Dependence Scale (ADS, Skinner & Allen, 1982) and positive expectancies for alcohol use (AEQ, Brown et al., 1987) is reported that has implications for educational programmes designed to promote sensible drinking. Expectancies predicted current drinking and dependence scores among a sample of young adults that contained 14.6% of subjects scoring above the cut-off point on the ADS. AEQ scores were found to predict ADS scores over and above current drinking and the AEQ subscales successfully differentiated between heavy drinking and dependent drinking. Canonical correlations revealed that for males higher scores on Increased social assertiveness, Sexual enhancement and Arousal and power were related to higher symptoms of loss of control over drinking. The picture was more complex for females in that three canonical variates were found. First, personal expectancies elevated across all the subscales of the AEQ were related to Loss of control. Secondly, females with high scores on Global positive changes and Sexual enhancement showed more symptoms of obsessive drinking and finally, females with higher Arousal and power expectancies but lower Sexual enhancement also had higher scores on the Perceptual withdrawal subscale from the ADS.