Cause of funnel chest recurrences---operative treatment and long-term results.

We found that 2-3 years after operation the result is final. If a partial or total recurrence develops, this will take place within the first 2 to 3 years after operation. Local deformities of the cut ribs or the cartilages will enlarge and bulge the skin during the first 24 months. There is no overgrowth after that time. There is no reason to leave the metal strut in place longer than 1 year. All the cut and resutured ribs have grown together after that time, and there is no interference with the growth of the ribs or the further development of the chest wall. Our recurrences are due to local infections, removing the metal strut too early, i.e. within the first 4 to 5 months after operation, using a metal strut too small, and not resuturing the cut ribs themselves.