Hyperprolactinemia. Causes, consequences, and treatment options.

Hyperprolactinemia is one of the most common pituitary abnormalities. The cause can usually be determined by review of the patient's history, physical examination, selected laboratory tests and, when indicated, magnetic resonance imaging scans of the sella. Pituitary tumors and medications are the most common causes of hyperprolactinemia. Appropriate treatment is determined by the cause and by the patient's tolerance of the clinical consequences.