Protein patterns, osmolytes, and aldose reductase of L-929 cells exposed to hyperosmotic media.

L-929 cells acclimated to media made hyperosmotic (600 mosmol/kgH2O) by addition of NaCl, sorbitol, or mannitol show, on SDS-polyacrylamide gels, a markedly enhanced protein band at 40 kDa, most likely corresponding to the enzyme aldose reductase. The effect was not observed in cells acclimated to a medium rendered hyperosmotic by addition of proline. The major organic osmolyte accumulated is sorbitol in cells acclimated to high-sorbitol or high-NaCl medium, proline in cells acclimated to high-proline medium. Cells acclimated to any of these hyperosmotic media display unaltered Na+ levels and similarly increased K+ levels and decreased Cl-levels. These results are interpreted in terms of the mechanisms involved in aldose reductase induction and in regulation of the enzyme activity in long-term acclimation to hyperosmotic media.