Homomeric beta 1 gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor-ion channels: evaluation of pharmacological and physiological properties.

The ubiquitous distribution of gamma-aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) receptor beta subunits throughout the central nervous system is in accord with a vital role in receptor structure and function. Homomeric beta subunits have been reported to be either GABA-gated or capable of forming anion-selective channels that lacked GABA-gating properties. With electrophysiological recording techniques, we examined the properties of the murine Beta 1 subunit, addressed whether the homomeric receptor is expressed independently from the host cell's genome, and investigated whether these channels can open spontaneously. Murine beta 1 subunits, expressed in Xenopus oocytes or A293 cells, were unaffected by GABA or bicuculline; however, the resting membrane conductances were reduced by picrotoxin, zinc, or penicillin-G. In comparison, the expression of bovine beta1 subunits formed GABA-gated C1- channels. For murine beta 1 subunits, both pentobarbitone and propofol increased the membrane conductance, although the benzodiazepine ligands flurazepam, flumazenil, and methyl-6,7-dimethoxy-4 ethyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate were inactive. Oocytes injected with murine beta 1 cRNA in the presence of actinomycin D (to block host cell DNA transcription) expressed beta1 channels that were indistinguishable from those derived from previous cDNA injections in cells capable of normal transcription. Single-channel recording from murin beta 1 cDNA-injected oocytes revealed spontaneously opening channels with a main state conductance of 18 pS. Picrotoxin inhibited the channel openings by reducing the probability of opening. We concluded that murine beta 1 subunits can form functional ion channels that are not gated by GABA but can be closed by some noncompetitive GABA antagonists. Interestingly, previous observations of spontaneously opening ion channels with properties similar to those found for the murine beta 1 receptor suggest that a limited expression of homomeric beta subunit-ion channels may exist in vivo.