Preventing falls: how to identify risk factors, reduce complications.

Falls are a common problem of old age and are associated with considerable morbidity. Falling itself is not a diagnosis but a symptom of multiple underlying diseases, the effects of certain medications on homeostasis, and/or environmental hazards or obstacles that interfere with safe mobility. Preventing falls requires a systematic diagnostic approach focused on identifying and reducing risk factors. Specific preventive strategies include treating underlying medical conditions, prescribing an exercise program to improve mobility, removing fall hazards in the home, and taking steps to minimize the fear of falling.