OBJECTIVE: To characterize the presence and behavior of the dystrophinopathic myocardial damage in female carriers of a gene defect at the Xp21 locus of the X chromosome that causes Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies (DMD and BMD). DESIGN: Cohort study from April 1, 1985, to April 30, 1995, with cardiologic follow-up performed yearly for a minimum of 3 to a maximum of 10 years. SETTING: Counseling center for genetic muscular disorders. PATIENTS: A total of 197 women and girls aged 5 to 60 years ascertained to be carriers of the DMD (n = 152) or BMD (n = 45) gene. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cardiac status at yearly examinations as determined by 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), 24-hour ambulatory ECG, M-mode and 2-dimensional echocardiography, and carotid pulse tracing. Myocardial scintigram was performed on each individual at least twice during the study. Immunohistochemical analysis of dystrophin from myocardium and/or skeletal muscle biopsy was performed in 12 carriers. RESULTS: Preclinical or clinically evident myocardial involvement was found in 166 cases (84.3%), without significant differences in percentage and behavior between DMD and BMD carriers. Its occurrence increased significantly with age, from 54.5% (18 cases) in carriers aged between 5 and 16 years to 90.2% (148 cases) in carriers older than 16 years. Dystrophin anomalies were detected at the membrane level of the myocardial fibers in all endomyocardial biopsy specimens. CONCLUSIONS: Genetic anomalies can be considered the primary cause of myocardial damage in carriers of dystrophinopathic myopathies; myocardial damage shows the same behavior already described in DMD and BMD patients and progresses from preclinical to dilated cardiomyopathy, passing through stages of myocardial hypertrophy or dysrhythmias.
OBJECTIVE: To characterize the presence and behavior of the dystrophinopathic myocardial damage in female carriers of a gene defect at the Xp21 locus of the X chromosome that causes Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies (DMD and BMD). DESIGN: Cohort study from April 1, 1985, to April 30, 1995, with cardiologic follow-up performed yearly for a minimum of 3 to a maximum of 10 years. SETTING: Counseling center for genetic muscular disorders. PATIENTS: A total of 197 women and girls aged 5 to 60 years ascertained to be carriers of the DMD (n = 152) or BMD (n = 45) gene. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cardiac status at yearly examinations as determined by 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), 24-hour ambulatory ECG, M-mode and 2-dimensional echocardiography, and carotid pulse tracing. Myocardial scintigram was performed on each individual at least twice during the study. Immunohistochemical analysis of dystrophin from myocardium and/or skeletal muscle biopsy was performed in 12 carriers. RESULTS: Preclinical or clinically evident myocardial involvement was found in 166 cases (84.3%), without significant differences in percentage and behavior between DMD and BMD carriers. Its occurrence increased significantly with age, from 54.5% (18 cases) in carriers aged between 5 and 16 years to 90.2% (148 cases) in carriers older than 16 years. Dystrophin anomalies were detected at the membrane level of the myocardial fibers in all endomyocardial biopsy specimens. CONCLUSIONS: Genetic anomalies can be considered the primary cause of myocardial damage in carriers of dystrophinopathic myopathies; myocardial damage shows the same behavior already described in DMD and BMD patients and progresses from preclinical to dilated cardiomyopathy, passing through stages of myocardial hypertrophy or dysrhythmias.
Authors: Robert M Weiss; Richard E Kerber; Jane K Jones; Carrie M Stephan; Christina J Trout; Paul D Lindower; Kimberly S Staffey; Kevin P Campbell; Katherine D Mathews Journal: J Am Soc Echocardiogr Date: 2010-06-19 Impact factor: 5.251
Authors: Jana Strakova; Jon D Dean; Katharine M Sharpe; Tatyana A Meyers; Guy L Odom; DeWayne Townsend Journal: J Mol Cell Cardiol Date: 2014-08-24 Impact factor: 5.000
Authors: Akanchha Kesari; Robert Neel; Lynne Wagoner; Brennan Harmon; Christopher Spurney; Eric P Hoffman Journal: Am J Med Genet A Date: 2009-07 Impact factor: 2.802