The management of synchronous bilateral Wilms tumor.

There has been a distinct evolution in the treatment philosophy for patients with BWT. Initial attempts at radical surgery have given way to the current use of preoperative chemotherapy to preserve as much kidney tissue as possible. With preoperative treatment, usually chemotherapy only, overall survival has become quite favorable in this group of patients, approaching 83% at 2 years. This has facilitated the use of parenchymal-sparing operations, with the potential advantage of decreasing the incidence of end-stage renal disease. The development of renal insufficiency in children with synchronous BWT nonetheless remains a concern. It is important that long-term survivors have systematic follow-up, with measurements of blood pressure, urine protein, serum creatinine, renal clearance, and renal size. Finally, despite the mentioned achievements, the management of children with synchronous BWT still needs standardization. The limited number of patients affected by BWT makes an international effort desirable to address this need.