Species-specific activity of rat recombinant interleukin-1 beta.

We have constructed expression clones for mature rat interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta). Using these clones, rat recombinant IL-1 beta (rrIL-1 beta) was prepared and purified by a single-step cation-exchange chromatography method. In addition, synthetic rrIL-1 beta mRNA was transcribed and used to synthesize radiolabeled 35S-rrIL-1 beta for binding studies. The rrIL-1 beta produced was demonstrated to have IL-1 bioactivity in a mouse thymocyte proliferation assay, in which it could be blocked by inclusion of human recombinant IL-1 receptor antagonist (hrIL-1Ra). Similarly, rrIL-1 beta induced LIF mRNA expression in cultured rat sympathetic ganglia. In each case, the maximal dose of rrIL-1 beta was similar to that of human IL-1 beta. However, the peak response in rat tissue was twofold higher with rat IL-1 beta than with human IL-1 beta. The expression of rrIL-1 beta provides a useful tool for studying IL-1 receptors in rat, in which human and mouse IL-1 beta have been found to bind poorly. Species-specific activity of rat IL-1 beta may correlate with compensatory ionic properties of rat IL-1 receptor.