Maintenance treatment of schizophrenia: a review of dose reduction and family treatment strategies.

Maintenance treatment in schizophrenia requires the integration of both medication and psychosocial treatment interventions for maximum effect. We review the recent evidence for strategies drawn from both domains. For the use of anti-psychotic medication we focus on studies of dose reduction using two strategies that differ in assumptions regarding the action of medication. They are: continuous low-dose and targeted, early intervention or intermittent treatment. For psychosocial interventions we focus on studies of family treatment. Regarding dose reduction, we conclude that both strategies are feasible but the targeted strategy incurs higher relapse and rehospitalization rates. Regarding family treatment, we conclude that family treatment provides benefits beyond other psychosocial interventions or usual care, but that there is no evidence for differences in efficacy among family treatments.