Effect of supplementation of milk fat with peanut oil on blood lipids and lipoproteins in infants.

Three different groups of infants were fed with different formulae based on milk fat. Group I received cow's milk fat formulae with 20% butter fat whereas groups II and III received a formulae which was supplemented with 50 and 33% of peanut oil supplementation in 20% milk fat respectively. Anthropometric measurements, cholesterol, triglyceride, lipoproteins and plasma fatty acids were followed up to a period of 6 months. The results indicated that cow's milk-fed infants had higher cholesterol levels (P < 0.01) than the other two groups. No significant differences with respect to high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) were found, whereas low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDls (VLDls) were found to be increasing up to a period of 6 months. No significant differences were observed with respect to saturated fatty acids and oleic acid (18:1) levels whereas linoleic acid (18:2) clearly showed a proportional relationship between the intake and plasma levels, indicating a positive correlation. Arachidonic acid (20:4) did not, however, show a proprotionate relationship with respect to linoleic acid (18:2) intake. The triene/tetraene, oleic/linoleic, linoleic/arachidonic and total n6 fatty acids were all normal indicating normal activity of desaturase and elongase enzymes for the optimal utilisation of linoleic acid. Thus, the present study suggests that a vegetable oil such as peanut oil could be used in milk fat to improve the essential fatty acid (EFA) status of infants.