The design and performance of an experimental external fixation device with load transducers.

It is becoming increasingly common that fracture healing is modelled in the laboratory with an osteotomy in the diaphysis of the ovine tibia. External fixation is often used to hold the bones in these models, presenting the problem that the loads on such devices are poorly understood. To help investigate this, a unilateral device has been developed which is capable of measuring the two components of load considered to be the most important, that of axial compression and bending in the plane of the fixator. The device was found to be a rigid system and easy to apply, with the in-vivo measurements being straightforward. The estimated limits of error of the compression transducer are +37.9 N and -21.4 N and those of the bending transducer are +3.6 Nm and -4.2 Nm. Preliminary measurements showed the maximum load during normal walking to 345 N compression and 28 Nm in-plane bending.