Questionnaire format bias: when are juxtaposed scales appropriate: a call for further research.

This study examined the use of juxtaposed scales, a type of self-report response scale used to study numerous attitudinal and behavioral concepts. This research is an extension of the exploratory work on the bias associated with juxtaposed scales begun by Hunt and Miller in 1983. Findings support the hypothesis that juxtaposed scales will elicit different responses than separate scales. When are these differences explicit and when are they an unwanted bias? Results and attendant discussion and recommendations are used to call attention to the importance of planning for the method bias which can be created by the use of juxtaposed scales.