Analysis of variable region genes encoding anti-Sm and anti-cardiolipin antibodies from a systemic lupus erythematosus patient.

We have analysed the heavy and light chain variable region genes of two monoclonal antibodies, specific for the Sm antigen (RSP1; IgG kappa) and for cardiolipin (RSP4; IgM lambda), derived from a patient with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We have established that the variable region genes of the RSP1 autoantibody are somatic mutants of two germ line genes from the VH4 and V kappa 1 gene families. RSP4 antibody uses gene segments closely related to a VH3 gene member and to a V lambda 1 gene. The presence and distribution of the somatic mutations on both monoclonal autoantibodies are compatible with an antigen-driven immune process. These data suggest that in SLE a common antigenic stimulus may govern the autoantibody response against a wide spectrum of unrelated antigens, including native DNA, cardiolipin or Sm antigens, and provide further evidence that disease-associated autoantibodies are generated through antigen-selected somatic mutations.