Conservative management of incontinence.

This review evaluates the main conservative treatments (general measures, physiotherapy, electrostimulation, mechanical devices, and bladder retraining) with particular emphasis on their effectiveness in the management of urinary incontinence. This is difficult because of the paucity of clinical comparison studies using objective end points, and further work needs to be done to establish more clearly the effectiveness of these measures. However, because the therapies are of low risk, relatively low cost and are reversible, they should be included in the counselling of all incontinent patients regarding treatment options.