Memory and intelligence in lateralized temporal lobe epilepsy and schizophrenia.

Recent neuroimaging studies of patients with schizophrenia have suggested structural and functional abnormalities of mesial temporal lobe structures. We compared the intelligence and memory test performance of 70 patients with schizophrenia and 72 patients with focal, lateralized temporal lobe epilepsy (30 left, 42 right temporal lobe) in order to examine the adequacy of a temporal lobe model of schizophrenic cognitive deficits. The groups did not differ in age, education, or Full Scale IQ. The right temporal lobe group had better overall memory performance than either the left temporal or schizophrenic patients. Unlike the schizophrenic patients, the memory impairment of the left temporal group was most evident with verbal materials and was amplified by delayed testing. Both epilepsy groups had better visual memory than the schizophrenic group. The clear differences in performance pattern between groups suggests that lateralized temporal lobe dysfunction does not by itself provide an adequate model of schizophrenic cognitive impairment.