Cervical spine infections.

Cervical spine infections arise from a variety of etiologies including postsurgical, iatrogenic, and hematogenous routes. Clinical history, physical examinations, and diagnostic studies all play an integral role in the diagnosis and treatment of these infections. Successful treatment depends on a proper and timely diagnosis, understanding the etiology, and defining the extent to which the infectious process involves the spinal supporting and neurologic elements. Surgical treatment is required when there is abscess formation, instability, progressive kyphosis secondary to vertebral body collapse, or canal compromise with neurologic deficits.