The ionophore ETH 129 as Ca2+ translocator in artificial and natural membranes.

We have investigated the ability of the neutral ionophore ETH 129 to translocate Ca2+ across artificial and biological membranes. ETH 129 induces Ca2+ transport across planar lipid bilayer. The zero-current membrane potential in a gradient of Ca2+ concentration exhibits Nernst behavior. The dependence of the membrane conductance on ionophore and Ca2+ concentration indicates that three ionophore molecules are needed to transfer one Ca2+ across the hydrophobic region of the membrane. In mitochondria the neutral Ca2+ ionophore can move Ca2+ inside in response to a negative membrane potential under conditions in which the endogenous uniporter is blocked by ruthenium red. This electrophoretic transport of Ca2+ by ETH 129 occurs at a concentration much lower than the one previously reported with the neutral Ca2+ ionophore ETH 1001. Using sea urchin eggs, we have also shown that the efficiency of ETH 129 in inducing egg activation, as revealed by cortical granules exocytosis, is four orders of magnitude higher than that of the commonly used Ca2+ ionophore A21387. ETH 129 is a very efficient and useful tool for use in the investigation of Ca(2+)-dependent biological processes.