Role of Ca-P-F in caries prevention: chemical aspects.

The fluoride agents used in caries prevention can be divided into two broad categories: systemic and topical, although this division is not exempt from ambiguities. A review is given of the efficacy of systemic (fluoridated water and supplements) and topical agents. The latter include high concentration (12,000 ppm F) solutions, fluoridated dentifrices and mouthrinses. Emphasis is placed on the concept that there is no unique mode of action of the fluoride agents; their beneficial effects are related to different mechanisms depending on the agent and the mode of usage. Chemical models are advanced to explain the effect of the various agents. Of particular interest is the chemistry involved with dentifrices containing dicalcium phosphate dihydrate. It is shown that the presence of this compound greatly enhances fluoride utilisation in in vitro systems simulating the oral environment.