Conservation of energy, uncertainty reduction, and swift utilization of medical care among the elderly.

This study examined age differences in the timing of the decision to seek medical care. Two cohorts, one of middle-aged (40 to 55 years, n = 88) and one of older patients (65 and over, n = 80), who sought medical care when symptomatic were interviewed at the time of their visit. Age differences were examined with respect to total delay (the time from first noticing symptoms until calling for care), as well as its two constituent phases: appraisal delay (symptom onset until deciding one was ill) and illness delay (decision one was ill until calling for care). Older persons were expected to be more conserving of physical and psychic resources, and thus quicker in seeking care. The cohort effect was expected to be most visible for symptoms judged to be of uncertain seriousness. The delay results and ancillary findings on reasons given for delay are generally supportive of the hypotheses, with the caveat that the cohort difference also reflects higher levels of avoidance behavior by the middle-aged than by the older subjects.