[The science of medical training].

The medical science of training (MST) is the theoretical basis for a proper advice in problems of physical performance in healthy and people with chronic diseases. This is comparable with the pharmacology as a basis for the advice in internal medicine. The MST deals with the rules, which are valid for improving the physical performance by training, changing the morphology and function of organ systems. Basis of MST is the knowledge of the effects of each training measure and the knowledge of a relation between the doses and the effect of training. Out of 5 basic motoric properties, endurance, strength, coordination, flexibility and fastness, the MST deals with endurance and strength. These 2 basic motoric properties are determined by the morphology and function of organ systems and are changeable by training. Endurance is defined as the faculty of resynthesizing ATP which was consumed by muscular activity. According to the type of resynthesis two aerobic types, extensive aerobic endurance and intensive aerobic endurance, and 2 anaerobic types, lactacide anaerobic endurance and a lactacide anaerobic endurance can be distinguished. These 4 types of endurance are defined biochemically and the methods of training are described, proved and evaluated for use in preventive and therapeutic training. Strength is defined as the faculty of the muscle to produce tension. The methods of training are described, proved physiologically, and evaluated for use in preventive and therapeutic training. General and special rules for sport medical advice for people with enhanced health risk and or chronic diseases are presented.