Cephalometric interpretation and assessment of facial asymmetry secondary to congenital torticollis. The significance of cranial base reference lines.

The anatomic basis of the facial asymmetry resulting from untreated congenital muscular torticollis is discussed, and an objective system for both clinical and cephalometric assessment and measurement is described. Symmetry is assessed by first defining a true midfacial line, which allows both measurement of existing asymmetry and planning for subsequent surgical correction, and which can be applied to clinical as well as radiologic analysis.