The use of recombinant human erythropoietin in end stage renal disease.

We treated 57 patients who suffered from end stage renal disease (ESRD) with recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO) for a mean period of 56 weeks. Patients were aged between 18 and 81 years. Forty three patients were on haemodialysis and 14 on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Despite regular transfusions, the mean haemoglobin prior to EPO therapy was 7.4 g/dl +/- 1.7. The target haemoglobin of 10 g/dl was reached at a mean of 12 weeks for the CAPD patients and at 14 weeks for the haemodialysis population. Patients were noted during the study to have a progressive rise in mean red cell volume, and this appeared to be related to their level of iron stores. The mean dose EPO used to reach the target haemoglobin was 8,700 u/week (125 u/kg/week) for the haemodialysis patients and 7,200 u/week (102 u/kg/week) for the CAPD patients. Three patients (7%) developed thrombosis of their A/V fistula. Hypertension was exacerbated in 28% of the patients. We conclude that EPO is a very effective but not inexpensive therapy for the anaemia of ESRD.