The gastrointestinal tract in uremia.

Gastrointestinal mucosal abnormalities ranging from edema to ulceration occur in two thirds of patients dying of uremia. Early studies suggested that uremic patients on maintenance dialysis treatment were at increased risk of peptic ulceration but more recent data indicate that this is not so. Other gastrointestinal problems reported for uremic subjects on maintenance dialysis treatment include bleeding from telangiectatic lesions, constipation, mucosal deposition of amyloid and acute pancreatitis. Nausea and vomiting are common in the uremic patient but gastric emptying studies have yielded conflicting results. Patients undergoing renal transplantation are at increased risk of development of esophagitis, complicated peptic ulcer, intestinal ulceration, and perforation as well as acute pancreatitis.