OBJECTIVE: To prospectively examine the relationship of time since stopping smoking with risk of stroke in middle-aged women. DESIGN: An ongoing prospective cohort of women with 12 years' follow-up data (1976 to 1988), in which information on smoking habits was updated every 2 years by postal questionnaire. POPULATION STUDIED: A total of 117,006 female registered nurses aged 30 to 55 years in 1976 and free of coronary heart disease, stroke, and cancer at baseline. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Incident strokes (fatal and nonfatal), further subdivided into ischemic stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and cerebral hemorrhage. RESULTS: The age-adjusted relative risk of total stroke among current smokers compared with never smokers was 2.58 (95% confidence interval, 2.08 to 3.19). The corresponding relative risk among former smokers was 1.34 (95% confidence interval, 1.04 to 1.73). For total and ischemic stroke, the excess risks among former smokers largely disappeared from 2 to 4 years after cessation. The same patterns of decline were observed regardless of number of cigarettes smoked, the age at starting, or the presence of other risk factors for stroke. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of suffering among cigarette smokers declines soon after cessation and the benefits are independent of the age at starting and the number of cigarettes smoked per day.
OBJECTIVE: To prospectively examine the relationship of time since stopping smoking with risk of stroke in middle-aged women. DESIGN: An ongoing prospective cohort of women with 12 years' follow-up data (1976 to 1988), in which information on smoking habits was updated every 2 years by postal questionnaire. POPULATION STUDIED: A total of 117,006 female registered nurses aged 30 to 55 years in 1976 and free of coronary heart disease, stroke, and cancer at baseline. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Incident strokes (fatal and nonfatal), further subdivided into ischemic stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and cerebral hemorrhage. RESULTS: The age-adjusted relative risk of total stroke among current smokers compared with never smokers was 2.58 (95% confidence interval, 2.08 to 3.19). The corresponding relative risk among former smokers was 1.34 (95% confidence interval, 1.04 to 1.73). For total and ischemic stroke, the excess risks among former smokers largely disappeared from 2 to 4 years after cessation. The same patterns of decline were observed regardless of number of cigarettes smoked, the age at starting, or the presence of other risk factors for stroke. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of suffering among cigarette smokers declines soon after cessation and the benefits are independent of the age at starting and the number of cigarettes smoked per day.
Authors: Michel M Joosten; Jennifer K Pai; Monica L Bertoia; Eric B Rimm; Donna Spiegelman; Murray A Mittleman; Kenneth J Mukamal Journal: JAMA Date: 2012-10-24 Impact factor: 56.272
Authors: Chintan S Desai; Hongyan Ning; Joseph Kang; Aaron R Folsom; Joseph F Polak; Christopher T Sibley; Russell Tracy; Donald M Lloyd-Jones Journal: Am J Cardiol Date: 2013-03-15 Impact factor: 2.778