VAT-1 from Torpedo is a membranous homologue of zeta crystallin.

VAT-1 is a major protein from Torpedo synaptic vesicles. A protein data-base search revealed a striking homology to zeta crystallin from guinea pig lens. The overall amino-acid identity is 27%, and 58% similarity is reached by including conserved substitutions. The highest similarity (60% to 85%) between the two proteins is observed in five discrete domains, which are also conserved in zinc-dependent dehydrogenases, particularly in the alcohol dehydrogenase family. The cofactor-binding domain of oxidoreductases is conserved in VAT-1 and in zeta crystallin. VAT-1 preferably binds NADPH in the presence of zinc. In contrast with its homologous proteins, VAT-1 is an integral membrane protein of synaptic vesicles.