Influences of nutrition and stress on people at risk for neutropenia: nursing implications.

Neutropenia may be influenced by malignancy type, treatment, age extremes, inadequate nutrition, or psychological stress. Of these five factors, only nutrition and stress are amenable to nursing intervention and management. The increasing trend of providing treatment in the outpatient setting and managing the patient with neutropenia in the home challenges nurses to develop innovative methods of care. This article offers suggestions to assist nurses in the creative management of individuals at risk for neutropenia by maximizing nutrition and minimizing psychological stress. This discussion addresses the physiology of the inflammatory immune response; pathophysiology of neutropenia; factors that may influence the risk of infection, such as sustained stress, dietary fiber, antioxidant vitamins, and food-borne bacteria; and interventions that reduce the potential for neutropenic sepsis. Nursing implications that reduce the risk of neutropenic infection include patient education related to nutrition, stress management, and self-care.