The politics of school-based clinics: a community-level analysis.

School-based primary health care, supported as an effective means for addressing the health needs of youth, also tends to be perceived as controversial partly due to opposition by national and state level organizations. This investigation used case studies of four selected school-based clinic (SBC) sites, and of one community in which an SBC was disputed, to investigate the existence of organized opposition, how proponents contended with opposition, and effects of organized opposition on SBC approval and implementation. Four sites experienced opposition affiliated with larger conservative organizations. Opponents' strategies and proponents counterstrategies were identified. Effects ranged from limiting SBC services to preventing an SBC's establishment. Proponents, consisting largely of medical and school administrative professionals, overcame opposition through strategies to increase public awareness about youth health issues and to demonstrate public support in the face of expressed opposition. Implications for planning and implementing potentially controversial programs are offered.