Structural and functional aspects of peroxisomal membranes in yeasts.

The peroxisomal membrane compartmentalizes specific metabolic functions in the intermediary metabolism of various aerobic eukarya. In yeast, peroxisomal membranes are typified by their small width (+/- 7-8 nm) and absence of large integral membrane proteins in freeze-etch replicas. They show a unique polypeptide profile which, in contrast to their phospholipid composition, differs from that of other membranes in the cell. Part of these proteins are substrate-inducible and are probably related to specific peroxisomal function(s). In vivo, the observed proton motive force across the peroxisomal membrane may play a role in the function of the organelle in that it contributes to the driving force required for selective transport of various enzyme substrates and/or metabolic intermediates. To date only few peroxisomal membrane proteins (PMPs) have been functionally characterized. A major constitutive 31-kDa PMP present in the peroxisomal membrane of Hansenula polymorpha has been purified and was shown to display pore-forming properties. In addition, a peroxisomal H(+)-ATPase has been identified which most probably is involved in the generation/maintenance of the in vivo pH gradient across the peroxisomal membrane. Other functions of peroxisomal membrane proteins remain obscure although the first genes encoding yeast PMPs are now being cloned and sequenced. Studies on peroxisome-deficient yeast mutants revealed that specific peroxisome functions are strictly dependent on the intactness of the peroxisomal membrane. In this contribution several examples are presented of metabolic disorders due to peroxisomal malfunction in yeast.