Language as a tool in medicine: methodology and theoretical framework.

Since language is the predominant instrument by which information is transmitted between doctor and patient, an understanding of the uses and functions of language in medicine is crucial to effective medical care. This paper describes a framework for the study of language as a tool in medicine. The work is based on a large volume of doctor-patient conversations tape-recorded in natural settings. A method of cataloging recorded material has been developed which allows rapid access to segments of interest on the tape itself. The writers' framework of analysis suggests that, in addition to the knowledge of social speech conventions, seven levels of linguistic information are necessary for successful communication. Based on this research, a curriculum is being designed to teach medical students the use of language as a tool in medicine in order to refine their skills as effective listeners and speakers.