BACKGROUND: Myocardial contractility is regulated by changes in the free intracellular Ca2+ concentration [Ca2+]i, which is determined by concerted interactions of Ca2+ influx through voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, release of Ca2+ from intracellular pools, and Ca2+ extrusion systems. Although adenosine has been reported to attenuate postischemic stunning, the mechanism is unknown. METHODS: The patch clamp technique and the Ca(2+)-sensitive fluorescence dye FURA II were used in isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes to study the effects of adenosine on the L-type Ca2+ channel current (ICa) and on [Ca2+]i. RESULTS: Adenosine decreased the basal ICa by 76% +/- 4% (100 nmol/L, n = 48) and simultaneously elevated [Ca2+]i up to 1.8 mumol/L (n = 37) by adenosine-A1-receptor activation. The adenosine-evoked responses were not sensitive to pertussis toxin (n = 12), but intracellular application of guanosine diphosphate-beta sulfate (10 mumol/L) reduced the effects of adenosine by 86.7% +/- 7% (n = 9). Block of intracellular Ca2+ release by ryanodine and thapsigargin attenuated, whereas intracellularly applied inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (n = 18) mimicked the adenosine-evoked responses. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that coupling of adenosine to A1-receptors induced G protein-mediated activation of phospholipase C followed by generation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, which releases Ca2+ from intracellular Ca2+ stores. The inhibition of ICa by depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores could play a major role in preventing ischemia-induced Ca2+ overload.
BACKGROUND: Myocardial contractility is regulated by changes in the free intracellular Ca2+ concentration [Ca2+]i, which is determined by concerted interactions of Ca2+ influx through voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, release of Ca2+ from intracellular pools, and Ca2+ extrusion systems. Although adenosine has been reported to attenuate postischemic stunning, the mechanism is unknown. METHODS: The patch clamp technique and the Ca(2+)-sensitive fluorescence dye FURA II were used in isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes to study the effects of adenosine on the L-type Ca2+ channel current (ICa) and on [Ca2+]i. RESULTS:Adenosine decreased the basal ICa by 76% +/- 4% (100 nmol/L, n = 48) and simultaneously elevated [Ca2+]i up to 1.8 mumol/L (n = 37) by adenosine-A1-receptor activation. The adenosine-evoked responses were not sensitive to pertussis toxin (n = 12), but intracellular application of guanosine diphosphate-beta sulfate (10 mumol/L) reduced the effects of adenosine by 86.7% +/- 7% (n = 9). Block of intracellular Ca2+ release by ryanodine and thapsigargin attenuated, whereas intracellularly applied inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (n = 18) mimicked the adenosine-evoked responses. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that coupling of adenosine to A1-receptors induced G protein-mediated activation of phospholipase C followed by generation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, which releases Ca2+ from intracellular Ca2+ stores. The inhibition of ICa by depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores could play a major role in preventing ischemia-induced Ca2+ overload.