On trees as equivalent cables.

By means of a suitable transformation, any passive dendritic tree may be reduced to an equivalent, possibly non-uniform cable. Under certain conditions the equivalent cable has disjoint sections of which only one communicates with the soma. Inputs that map on to the disconnected sections cannot be seen by the soma. Ralls's equivalent cylinder and its generalizations emerge naturally as the simplest cases of this behaviour. Even where, as is more usual, decomposition does not occur exactly the equivalent cable together with the input mapping from the tree to the cable provides a readily visualisable and intuitively appealing description of quite subtle relationships on the tree. The structure of the equivalent cable is dominated by approximate geometric symmetries of the tree. These symmetries cause well-defined subspaces of the total space of synaptic inputs to arrive at the soma at different times, thus allowing them, in principle, to be reflected, for example in the temporal statistics of the neurons' spike output.